Integrand size = 14, antiderivative size = 117 \[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=-\frac {i (c+d x) \arctan \left (e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b}+\frac {i d \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{2 b^2}-\frac {i d \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{2 b^2}-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \sec (a+b x) \tan (a+b x)}{2 b} \]
-I*(d*x+c)*arctan(exp(I*(b*x+a)))/b+1/2*I*d*polylog(2,-I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))/b ^2-1/2*I*d*polylog(2,I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))/b^2-1/2*d*sec(b*x+a)/b^2+1/2*(d*x+c )*sec(b*x+a)*tan(b*x+a)/b
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(389\) vs. \(2(117)=234\).
Time = 4.17 (sec) , antiderivative size = 389, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.32 \[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\frac {c \text {arctanh}(\sin (a+b x))}{2 b}+\frac {d \left (\left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right ) \left (\log \left (1-e^{i \left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right )}\right )-\log \left (1+e^{i \left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right )}\right )\right )-\left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}\right ) \log \left (\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right )\right )\right )+i \left (\operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-e^{i \left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right )}\right )-\operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,e^{i \left (-a+\frac {\pi }{2}-b x\right )}\right )\right )\right )}{2 b^2}+\frac {d x}{4 b \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )-\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )\right )^2}-\frac {d \sin \left (\frac {b x}{2}\right )}{2 b^2 \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}\right )-\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}\right )\right ) \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )-\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )\right )}-\frac {d x}{4 b \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )\right )^2}+\frac {d \sin \left (\frac {b x}{2}\right )}{2 b^2 \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}\right )\right ) \left (\cos \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )+\sin \left (\frac {a}{2}+\frac {b x}{2}\right )\right )}+\frac {c \sec (a+b x) \tan (a+b x)}{2 b} \]
(c*ArcTanh[Sin[a + b*x]])/(2*b) + (d*((-a + Pi/2 - b*x)*(Log[1 - E^(I*(-a + Pi/2 - b*x))] - Log[1 + E^(I*(-a + Pi/2 - b*x))]) - (-a + Pi/2)*Log[Tan[ (-a + Pi/2 - b*x)/2]] + I*(PolyLog[2, -E^(I*(-a + Pi/2 - b*x))] - PolyLog[ 2, E^(I*(-a + Pi/2 - b*x))])))/(2*b^2) + (d*x)/(4*b*(Cos[a/2 + (b*x)/2] - Sin[a/2 + (b*x)/2])^2) - (d*Sin[(b*x)/2])/(2*b^2*(Cos[a/2] - Sin[a/2])*(Co s[a/2 + (b*x)/2] - Sin[a/2 + (b*x)/2])) - (d*x)/(4*b*(Cos[a/2 + (b*x)/2] + Sin[a/2 + (b*x)/2])^2) + (d*Sin[(b*x)/2])/(2*b^2*(Cos[a/2] + Sin[a/2])*(C os[a/2 + (b*x)/2] + Sin[a/2 + (b*x)/2])) + (c*Sec[a + b*x]*Tan[a + b*x])/( 2*b)
Time = 0.41 (sec) , antiderivative size = 118, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 6, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.429, Rules used = {3042, 4673, 3042, 4669, 2715, 2838}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \int (c+d x) \csc \left (a+b x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )^3dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4673 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \int (c+d x) \sec (a+b x)dx-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \tan (a+b x) \sec (a+b x)}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 3042 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \int (c+d x) \csc \left (a+b x+\frac {\pi }{2}\right )dx-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \tan (a+b x) \sec (a+b x)}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 4669 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {d \int \log \left (1-i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )dx}{b}+\frac {d \int \log \left (1+i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )dx}{b}-\frac {2 i (c+d x) \arctan \left (e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b}\right )-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \tan (a+b x) \sec (a+b x)}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 2715 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {i d \int e^{-i (a+b x)} \log \left (1-i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )de^{i (a+b x)}}{b^2}-\frac {i d \int e^{-i (a+b x)} \log \left (1+i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )de^{i (a+b x)}}{b^2}-\frac {2 i (c+d x) \arctan \left (e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b}\right )-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \tan (a+b x) \sec (a+b x)}{2 b}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 2838 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (-\frac {2 i (c+d x) \arctan \left (e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b}+\frac {i d \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,-i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b^2}-\frac {i d \operatorname {PolyLog}\left (2,i e^{i (a+b x)}\right )}{b^2}\right )-\frac {d \sec (a+b x)}{2 b^2}+\frac {(c+d x) \tan (a+b x) \sec (a+b x)}{2 b}\) |
(((-2*I)*(c + d*x)*ArcTan[E^(I*(a + b*x))])/b + (I*d*PolyLog[2, (-I)*E^(I* (a + b*x))])/b^2 - (I*d*PolyLog[2, I*E^(I*(a + b*x))])/b^2)/2 - (d*Sec[a + b*x])/(2*b^2) + ((c + d*x)*Sec[a + b*x]*Tan[a + b*x])/(2*b)
3.1.39.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[Log[(a_) + (b_.)*((F_)^((e_.)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))))^(n_.)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/(d*e*n*Log[F]) Subst[Int[Log[a + b*x]/x, x], x, (F^(e*(c + d*x) ))^n], x] /; FreeQ[{F, a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && GtQ[a, 0]
Int[Log[(c_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^(n_.))]/(x_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[-PolyLog[2 , (-c)*e*x^n]/n, x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[c*d, 1]
Int[csc[(e_.) + Pi*(k_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(m_.), x_Symbol ] :> Simp[-2*(c + d*x)^m*(ArcTanh[E^(I*k*Pi)*E^(I*(e + f*x))]/f), x] + (-Si mp[d*(m/f) Int[(c + d*x)^(m - 1)*Log[1 - E^(I*k*Pi)*E^(I*(e + f*x))], x], x] + Simp[d*(m/f) Int[(c + d*x)^(m - 1)*Log[1 + E^(I*k*Pi)*E^(I*(e + f*x ))], x], x]) /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, f}, x] && IntegerQ[2*k] && IGtQ[m, 0]
Int[(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_)*((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-b^2)*(c + d*x)*Cot[e + f*x]*((b*Csc[e + f*x])^(n - 2)/(f*(n - 1))), x] + (-Simp[b^2*d*((b*Csc[e + f*x])^(n - 2)/(f^2*(n - 1)*(n - 2))), x] + S imp[b^2*((n - 2)/(n - 1)) Int[(c + d*x)*(b*Csc[e + f*x])^(n - 2), x], x]) /; FreeQ[{b, c, d, e, f}, x] && GtQ[n, 1] && NeQ[n, 2]
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 266 vs. \(2 (98 ) = 196\).
Time = 1.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 267, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.28
| method | result | size |
| risch | \(-\frac {i \left (b x d \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (b x +a \right )}+b c \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (b x +a \right )}-b x d \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}-b c \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}-i d \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (b x +a \right )}-i d \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b^{2} \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (b x +a \right )}+1\right )^{2}}-\frac {i c \arctan \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b}-\frac {d \ln \left (1+i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) x}{2 b}-\frac {d \ln \left (1+i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) a}{2 b^{2}}+\frac {d \ln \left (1-i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) x}{2 b}+\frac {d \ln \left (1-i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right ) a}{2 b^{2}}+\frac {i d \operatorname {dilog}\left (1+i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{2 b^{2}}-\frac {i d \operatorname {dilog}\left (1-i {\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{2 b^{2}}+\frac {i d a \arctan \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (b x +a \right )}\right )}{b^{2}}\) | \(267\) |
-I/b^2/(exp(2*I*(b*x+a))+1)^2*(b*x*d*exp(3*I*(b*x+a))+b*c*exp(3*I*(b*x+a)) -b*x*d*exp(I*(b*x+a))-b*c*exp(I*(b*x+a))-I*d*exp(3*I*(b*x+a))-I*d*exp(I*(b *x+a)))-I/b*c*arctan(exp(I*(b*x+a)))-1/2/b*d*ln(1+I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))*x-1/2/ b^2*d*ln(1+I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))*a+1/2/b*d*ln(1-I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))*x+1/2/b^2*d* ln(1-I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))*a+1/2*I/b^2*d*dilog(1+I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))-1/2*I/b^2*d *dilog(1-I*exp(I*(b*x+a)))+I/b^2*d*a*arctan(exp(I*(b*x+a)))
Both result and optimal contain complex but leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 435 vs. \(2 (93) = 186\).
Time = 0.35 (sec) , antiderivative size = 435, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.72 \[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\frac {-i \, d \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} {\rm Li}_2\left (i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + \sin \left (b x + a\right )\right ) - i \, d \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} {\rm Li}_2\left (i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) - \sin \left (b x + a\right )\right ) + i \, d \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} {\rm Li}_2\left (-i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + \sin \left (b x + a\right )\right ) + i \, d \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} {\rm Li}_2\left (-i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) - \sin \left (b x + a\right )\right ) + {\left (b c - a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (\cos \left (b x + a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + i\right ) - {\left (b c - a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (\cos \left (b x + a\right ) - i \, \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + i\right ) + {\left (b d x + a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) - {\left (b d x + a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) - \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) + {\left (b d x + a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (-i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) - {\left (b d x + a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (-i \, \cos \left (b x + a\right ) - \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + 1\right ) + {\left (b c - a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (-\cos \left (b x + a\right ) + i \, \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + i\right ) - {\left (b c - a d\right )} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2} \log \left (-\cos \left (b x + a\right ) - i \, \sin \left (b x + a\right ) + i\right ) - 2 \, d \cos \left (b x + a\right ) + 2 \, {\left (b d x + b c\right )} \sin \left (b x + a\right )}{4 \, b^{2} \cos \left (b x + a\right )^{2}} \]
1/4*(-I*d*cos(b*x + a)^2*dilog(I*cos(b*x + a) + sin(b*x + a)) - I*d*cos(b* x + a)^2*dilog(I*cos(b*x + a) - sin(b*x + a)) + I*d*cos(b*x + a)^2*dilog(- I*cos(b*x + a) + sin(b*x + a)) + I*d*cos(b*x + a)^2*dilog(-I*cos(b*x + a) - sin(b*x + a)) + (b*c - a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(cos(b*x + a) + I*sin(b*x + a) + I) - (b*c - a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(cos(b*x + a) - I*sin(b*x + a) + I) + (b*d*x + a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(I*cos(b*x + a) + sin(b*x + a) + 1) - (b*d*x + a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(I*cos(b*x + a) - sin(b*x + a) + 1) + (b *d*x + a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(-I*cos(b*x + a) + sin(b*x + a) + 1) - (b*d* x + a*d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(-I*cos(b*x + a) - sin(b*x + a) + 1) + (b*c - a *d)*cos(b*x + a)^2*log(-cos(b*x + a) + I*sin(b*x + a) + I) - (b*c - a*d)*c os(b*x + a)^2*log(-cos(b*x + a) - I*sin(b*x + a) + I) - 2*d*cos(b*x + a) + 2*(b*d*x + b*c)*sin(b*x + a))/(b^2*cos(b*x + a)^2)
\[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\int \left (c + d x\right ) \sec ^{3}{\left (a + b x \right )}\, dx \]
\[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\int { {\left (d x + c\right )} \sec \left (b x + a\right )^{3} \,d x } \]
-1/4*(4*(d*cos(3*b*x + 3*a) + d*cos(b*x + a) - (b*d*x + b*c)*sin(3*b*x + 3 *a) + (b*d*x + b*c)*sin(b*x + a))*cos(4*b*x + 4*a) + 4*(2*d*cos(2*b*x + 2* a) + 2*(b*d*x + b*c)*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + d)*cos(3*b*x + 3*a) + 8*(d*cos(b*x + a) + (b*d*x + b*c)*sin(b*x + a))*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + 4*d*cos(b*x + a) - 4*(b^2*d*cos(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4*b^2*d*cos(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + b^2*d*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4*b^2*d*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)*sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 4*b^2*d*sin(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + 4*b^2*d*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b^2*d + 2*(2*b^2*d*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b^2*d)*cos(4*b*x + 4*a))*integrate((x*cos(2*b*x + 2*a)*cos(b*x + a) + x* sin(2*b*x + 2*a)*sin(b*x + a) + x*cos(b*x + a))/(cos(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + sin( 2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + 2*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + 1), x) - (b*c*cos(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4 *b*c*cos(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + b*c*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4*b*c*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)* sin(2*b*x + 2*a) + 4*b*c*sin(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + 4*b*c*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b*c + 2*(2*b*c*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b*c)*cos(4*b*x + 4*a))*log(cos(b*x + a)^2 + sin(b*x + a)^2 + 2*sin(b*x + a) + 1) + (b*c*cos(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4*b*c*co s(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + b*c*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)^2 + 4*b*c*sin(4*b*x + 4*a)*sin(2*b *x + 2*a) + 4*b*c*sin(2*b*x + 2*a)^2 + 4*b*c*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b*c + 2*(2 *b*c*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) + b*c)*cos(4*b*x + 4*a))*log(cos(b*x + a)^2 + sin(b* x + a)^2 - 2*sin(b*x + a) + 1) + 4*((b*d*x + b*c)*cos(3*b*x + 3*a) - (b*d* x + b*c)*cos(b*x + a) + d*sin(3*b*x + 3*a) + d*sin(b*x + a))*sin(4*b*x + 4 *a) - 4*(b*d*x + b*c + 2*(b*d*x + b*c)*cos(2*b*x + 2*a) - 2*d*sin(2*b*x...
\[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\int { {\left (d x + c\right )} \sec \left (b x + a\right )^{3} \,d x } \]
Timed out. \[ \int (c+d x) \sec ^3(a+b x) \, dx=\text {Hanged} \]